The tenets of the ideology governed how social relations were maintained and administrative decisions made.
#Strategic war map korean war series#
Korean elite wishing to secure a government position were required to pass a series of tests based on Confucian philosophy. 551–479 bce) to guide its legal, social, and political institutions. Additional Japanese-Korean trade took place through the Japanese island of Tsushima, which frequently sent missions to the southern city of Pusan.ĭomestically, the Korean government depended heavily on the precepts of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius (ca. The twelve Korean missions to the Japanese capital over the Tokugawa period (1603–1868) were as much for trade as they were for reconnaissance. The two peoples resumed their trade relations from the early seventeenth century, after the new Japanese regime cooperated in returning kidnapped artisans and in assisting in Korea's battle against Manchu (now Qing) retaliation over Korea's remaining loyal to China's Ming dynasty. The late sixteenth-century invasions of the Japanese military leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598) still remain a bitter memory to Koreans. The threat of "pirate" (wako) intrusions dominated the two states' diplomatic relations from the twelfth to seventeenth centuries. Korea's relations with Japan generally assumed an open, albeit cautious posture. At this time, Chinese political instability forced the Korean government to decide whether to remain loyal to the waning Ming dynasty, which had just helped drive the Japanese from the peninsula, or support the Manchu, who challenged, and eventually toppled, the Ming. Membership had its drawbacks, as well, particularly during times of dynastic transition, as was the case in the mid-seventeenth century. Participation in this system also provided the Korean Peninsula with military protection, as long as the reigning dynasty in China was strong. Chinese imperial blessing in turn gained the Korean throne legitimacy, and selected Korean merchants were granted access to Chinese markets. Throughout most of its pre-1945 history, Korea participated in China's tributary system, whereby it recognized the Chinese emperor as the sole "Son of Heaven," followed the Chinese calendar based on his reign, and dutifully reported Korea's regal successions to the Chinese capital. The Korean Peninsula's division following the defeat of its colonial occupier, Japan, not only separated a people, but also Korea's agricultural south from its mineral-rich north. Nineteenth-century Russian expansion eastward only complicated Korea's already precarious position, particularly after Japan emerged as an imperial power and Korea's traditional ally, China, was weakened by domestic and foreign crises. The strategic location of the Korean Peninsula, situated at the far eastern edge of the Asian continent and a mere 210 kilometers (about 130 miles) from the Japanese archipelago, often compromised the state's ability to maintain its sovereignty.
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